著作権，自己登録制度，研究者コミュニティ
Copyright, Self-Registration System, Researchers’ Community

林 紘一郎
Koichiro Hayashi

日本知財学会誌 Vol.3 No.1 p.15-24（2006-12-20）
Journal of Intellectual Property Association of Japan Vol.3 No.1 p.15-24（2006-12-20）

＜要旨＞
著作物も基本的には「情報」の集合であり，有体物に体化されない限り「占有」という特性を欠くため，権利の存在や移転が不明確である．情報がデジタルのまま流通するインターネットでは，この欠点が一気に顕在化した．そこで著作権にも新しい登録が試みられ，中央集権的な登録所に代わって，著作者等が自分のサイトに登録するものも現われた．本稿ではこれらのトレンドを一覧し，それが研究者コミュニティに適合することを検証する．
<Abstract>
Copyrighted material is basically “information”, which lacks the features of tangible goods, such as occupation of goods, transfer of goods and reversibility of trade. In the analog society, copyrighted material is usually embodied and fixed in tangible goods, which conceals these drawbacks. But in the digital age, the nature of digital goods reveals itself: illegal exchange of large traffic of music and/ or video information through p2p network is a typical example. Therefore, it is worth thinking that a new type of registration system be introduced. This system does not require the centralized registry but the distributed ones, because authors or right-holders are expected to register their material voluntarily. Hopefully, the system could be supported by the digital signature with the time stamp, but this condition is not a requisite. More primitive systems by using the marks as a token of copyright are already in place. This paper gives a bird’s eye view of the present systems, and finds out the principles behind them. It also investigates into its familiarity with the researchers’ community.