著作権の集中管理と教育の情報化
Collective Management of Copyrights and Information Technology in Education Systems

川瀬 真
Makoto Kawase

日本知財学会誌Vol.21 No.3 p.15-23 (2025-3-20)
Journal of Intellectual Property Association of Japan Vol.21 No.3 p.15-23 (2025-3-20)

＜要旨＞
わが国では，ネット環境の整備とともに，情報通信技術を活用して行う教育（ICT 活用教育）の重要性が指摘された．政府は，2018 年に著作権法を改正し，授業目的の著作物の公衆送信（ネット送信）等による利用を新たに権利制限の対象にし，権利者が被る不利益の代償措置として補償金制度を導入した．諸外国を見ると，無許諾・無償で著作物の利用を認めている国は少なく，教育でよく利用される言語，写真，美術等の集中管理団体を活用した制度設計が行われている国が多い．しかし，わが国では，この分野の管理団体の発達が遅れているため新たな組織による権利管理が採用された．私見では，教育という公益上の理由があるとはいえ，権利者が持つ許諾権が補償金請求権という債権的権利に引き下げられたことや既存の管理団体を活用した制度設計が行われなかったことにもっと注目する必要があり，今後は権利者側による集中管理の充実強化が望まれる．
<Abstract>
In Japan, the importance of ICT-based education has been emphasized alongside the development of internet infrastructure. In 2018, the Japanese government amended the Copyright Act to include the use of works for educational purposes, such as public transmission （Internet transmission）, in the scope of the new limitations on rights, and introduced a compensation system as a measure to compensate for the disadvantages suffered by right holders. In many countries, the use of copyrighted works without permission or compensation is rare.　Instead, systems are often designed to utilize collective management organizations specializing in frequently used works in education, such as those involving text, photography, and fine arts.　However, in Japan, the development of such collective management organizations in this field has lagged, new organization has been established to manage rights. 　In my opinion, even though there are reasons for public interest in education, more attention should be paid to the fact that the right of permission held by the right holder has been reduced to a credit-based right in the form of a claim for compensation, and that the system was not designed to utilize existing collective management organizations. Moving forward, it is desirable to strengthen and expand collective rights management by copyright holders.

＜キーワード＞
著作権, 著作権の集中管理, 授業目的公衆送信補償金
<Keywords>
Copyright, Collective Management of copyrights, Compensation for Public Transmission for Classes